So whether you are an aspiring heads-up professional, or want to be ready for. $49. Previous page. A book «Application of No Limit Hold'em» to Matthew Janda is a guidance on theoretically optimal game. Lee, a retired doctor, is skilled at picking up tells and exploiting them. In Harrington on Hold Em is a definitive book on Texas No-Limit Holdem for players who want to win big. Must read NL holdem book if you want to up your games! No-Limit Hold 'em For Advanced Players, by Matthew Janda PDF. The first section of Advanced No-Limit Hold 'em, titled "Math," covers concepts like equity, pot odds, implied odds, minimum defense frequency, stack-to-pot. Product Details; About the Author; Product Details. No-limit cash games started sprouting up at casinos of all types. Advanced Limit Hold em Strategy [Tanenbaum, Barry] on Amazon. Beginners Guide to Limit Hold. SPR can also be considered the ratio of risk : reward. Doyle Brunson’s Super System. Lee Nelson's style is opponent-dependent and varies according to table composition, psychological factors, and the meta-game. In this case, he has to call $80 to win a total pot of $240, which comes out to 0. Square footages. Hunter Cichy has a unique ability to present advanced concepts in a manner that any committed student can understand and implement. As a result it is also a great game if you have a risk averse attitude. 超额下注、平衡多个下注尺度范围、反主动下注、做为翻前加注. Meanwhile a flop like is "dry" because it offers very little as far as draws are concerned — nothing but "backdoor" draws, really, that need both the turn and river to be completed. This isn't solvable, but I'd usually prefer to have K7s rather than 76s despite the former being more difficult to play. These experts include superstars such as Phil Hellmuth, Chris Moneymaker, Mike Sexton and Jared Tendler. His philosophy is built around the five key elements of poker theory: ----- •. Johansen added, Naively computing a Nash equilibrium for the game would take over 10,000 terabytes. I eagerly awaited the publication of Volume 2, which was rumored to deal with short-handed games and more advanced concepts, and mourned its loss when its authors parted ways. No-limit hold em is now the most popular form of poker. The higher you go on the cash game or multi-table tournament ladder, the more you run into opponents that hold an astute understanding of all of the concepts in this guide. 2) Playing Deep Stacked –This deals with situations where (most) players have stacks of 50 big blinds or more. Applications of No-Limit Hold em teaches theoretical sound poker, and thus the ability to create the bet-sizings and ranges which will beat the better players. 000$ en la Serie Mundial de Póquer de 1987. 04. - Ed Miller Best-selling poker author and founder of notedpokerauthority. All of that changed when the game exploded on television. Hello All, If you want to download free Ebook, you are in the right place to download Ebook. The first years of the poker boom were fueled by the interest in no-limit hold 'em tournaments. Don’t just toss in the first single bet to be a part of the action. Amazon. Publication date 2015 Topics Poker Publisher [United States] : D&B Publishing Collection. In fact you get either Aces or Kings once in every 110 hands, so it’s not nearly as often as we’d like. Situation 1: (6 players) Hero is BB with . ng on November 8, 2023 by guest Applications Of No Limit Hold Em A Guide To Understanding Theoretically Sound Poker If you ally need such a referred applications of no limit hold em a guide to understanding theoretically soundOnly a few of these same people understand that the worst starting hand changes when you get down to heads-up. The book introduces terms like pot odds, equity. These games can be very profitable -- if you play well. 95. This audio edition of David Sklansky's classic discusses theories and concepts applicable to nearly every variation of the game, including five-card draw (high), seven-card stud, hold 'em, lowball draw, and razz (seven. Hi Everyone: Our book Hold 'em Poker for Advanced Players -- 21st Century Edition, which is on limit hold 'em, has been rewritten and expanded. Hunter Cichy has a unique ability to present advanced concepts in a manner that any committed student can understand and implement. g. With a set buy-in but potentially gigantic return the MTT may be poker’s greatest innovation and continues to draw hundreds of thousands of player to events, large and small, wherever they’re held. . Understanding GTO is fundamental to being able to make accurate poker decisions and. 0 out of 5 stars Some advanced concepts introduced in an easy way. Limit. In 2006, it is played everywhere in casino cardrooms, in bar backrooms and homes, and on the Internet. These skills are explored in depth in my latest book, The Course: Serious Hold ‘Em Strategy For Smart Players, which youUse the far left column to determine the situation. ISBN: 9781468001310. EXAMPLE 2 – No Limit Hold’em. This book will show. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A modern approach to poker analysis Hunter Cichy D&B Publishing, Jun 6, 2017 - Games & Activities - 272 pages No. Advanced Holdem Volume 2 is the continuation of Advanced Holdem Volume 1. It’s not often you’ll get dealt Aces or Kings. Synopsis of No Limit Hold 'em: Theory and Practice. In a no-limit hold'em cash game, you reach the flop in a heads-up pot. Click Button "DOWNLOAD" Or "READ ONLINE". By combining optimal opening ranges with clear explanations of math and game theory, Hunter presents a powerful strategy that is easy to implement and difficult to exploit. David Sklansky. While there is not a lot of math in the book, the concept is very math based. River (Pot: $3. Get the lowdown on: - 7 easy steps to no-limit hold'em success. No-Limit Hold 'em For Advanced Players: Emphasis on Tough Games. Advanced Hold'em Vol. The first step is to consider the pot odds Villain is being laid. 1. Limit Hold’em – Pre-Flop Play. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em Add to Cart View Details. Recently, however, players have been gravitating to another, even more complex form of hold em no-limit cash games. No-Limit Texas Hold’em is the most popular poker game played at The Lodge. If you can figure out what hands your opponents are likely to have, you will make consistently good decisions. Product Details; About the. There are two general rules for a hand’s playability relating to equity realization: The stronger a hand is, the more equity it will realize. Expert Heads Up No Limit Hold ‘em is a unique and remarkable book, providing a clear framework with which to analyse the game. In Harrington on Cash Games: Volume I, Dan Harrington teaches you the key concepts that drive deep-stack cash game play. Ebook EPUB Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold’em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis | EBOOK ONLINE DOWNLOAD Hello Friends, If you want to download free Ebook, you are in… 16 min read Aug 13. When the turn round is complete, the dealer places the fifth and final community card on the board. While the book may be an adequate companion text, it is not stand alone reference material due to the concepts being touched on only briefly. Advanced Hold’Em Volume 2: More Advanced Concepts in No Limit Hold’Em & Example Hands from Both Volumes - Kindle edition by Sleeper, Ryan. In No-Limit, gather the amount that you’re going to raise and either announce the total, or move it all forward with one motion. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Early in the series (June 2), the WSOP is hosting a $500 buy-in Housewarming No-Limit Hold'em tournament to welcome players to the new host site, and $5 million are guaranteed in that event. The book is laid out in an easy-to-read and understandable manner while providing hands-on practice to help you win. 406 ratings23 reviews. Publication date. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis. Still staying within the realm of poker’s most popular game of Texas Hold’em, Limit Hold’em (also referred to as Fixed-Limit Hold’em, or FLHE) encompasses a capped betting structure in the various rounds of gameplay (instead of allowing any player. Moorman's Book of Poker Previous Next. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A modern approach to poker analysis - Kindle edition by Cichy, Hunter. This edition is much more robust - elaborating on the basic concepts then adding the more advanced concepts. Basic Strategy. ; In Omaha poker a hand such as A♠A♥7♦6♦ will only beat K♥K♠Q♥J♠ 59. Tip #5:. - 398 Pages -. No Limit Hold 'em: Theory and Practice is the definitive work on this complex game. eBook details. Applications of No-Limit Hold 'em: A Guide to Understanding Theoretically Sound Poker. It provides you a window into the heads of experts, teaching you in straightforward and enjoyable terms the how s and why s of winning play. He has won several major no-limit hold em tournaments including the European Poker Championships (1995), the $2,500 No-Limit Hold em event at the 1995 World Series of Poker, and the Four Queens No-Limit Hold em Championship (1996). Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Las Vegas, NV 89103. $29. All of that changed when the game exploded on television. Share. Pre-order Tags: Lexy Gavin. The idea of him releasing a NL book was rightfully met with cynicism and speculation as to how his theoretical and mathematical approach would translate and the answer is in:The first years of the poker boom were fueled by the interest in no-limit hold em tournaments. Will Tipton has taken this variant and stripped it down to the bare essentials – creating a mathematical framework to model all elements of play. No Limit Hold’em is an extremely complex game that is difficult to learn and even more difficult to teach. Recently updated and expanded to include coverage of online poker and no-limit. Many of our poker lessons focus on general concepts that will help you in either variation, but these games play very differently. - Isolating bad players and handling tough, aggressive players. Solvers have changed the game since they became commercially available in 2015, raising the standard of play significantly. No-limit hold em was once only a tournament game. This No Limit Hold’em training course is what our world-class team of coaches would teach their younger selves, if they could send information back in time. $1/$2 is the smallest No-Limit game run in most casinos and for that reason the games are very, very soft. 978-1909457683. Limit hold’em is well suited to beginners because it’s a more mechanical and structured game. 3 times the size of the pot. Excelling at No-Limit Hold’em is an extensive guide for No-Limit Hold’em that covers everything you need to beat the games. The dealer position rotates clockwise from game to. A careful study of the approach outlined in Advanced Concepts in No Limit Hold‘em will undoubtedly take your game to a higher level. D & B Publishing. 32) J ♣ Hero bets $1. This book is written for the $1 - $2 and $2 - $5 no limit players who understand the math behind poker but long to improve their hand reading skills. Before you jump in to. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. MAKE: 0. His philosophy is built around the five key elements of poker theory - pot odds- implied odds- pot equity- fold. When compared with No Limit, hands that build big pairs such as AK, KQ, and AQ go up in value and implied odds type of hands such as small pairs and suited connectors go down. pdf download Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis read Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker. This book is for the beginning player, the aspiring novice, the. edu. Medium: 41 – 90 big blinds. 2022 Think. The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky has long been recognized as the foundational book for all of poker no matter what the game, and at the time of this writing is still the best selling book in poker. Mastering heads-up no-limit hold 'em is invaluable if you're looking to add a loose-aggressive component to your game. This book improves on the old one in this regard. Advanced embedding details, examples, and help. It prepares a new student perfectly for more advanced texts. There are four types of Texas hold’em played in casinos — limit, spread limit, pot-limit, and no-limit. For example, being dealt an A-A-K-K double suited is 50,000-1 (against). Topics include the Gap Concept, prize structure implications, how chips change value, keeping the pot small, play just out of the. •Getting Started in Hold’em, E. Excelling at No-Limit Hold'em is a sensation in poker publishing. All situations are dealt with including. Texas hold 'em (also known as Texas holdem, hold 'em, and holdem) is one of the most popular variants of the card game of poker. The most commonly used solvers include PioSolver, GTO+ and Simple Postflop. 99. These games require a specific math-based approach which Collin mastered through his own online games and detailed in Sit n Go Strategy: Expert Advice for Beating One-Table Poker Tournaments. Aces are by far the best possible starting hand in hold’em, closely followed by Kings. , $2-$5 or similar. In NLH, players can wager up to the size of their stack as they’d like at any point in the hand. Reviewed in. Before 2000, it could be difficult to find a game. Theoretical sound poker is taught, providing better overall results even against better players. 1 About The Manual Welcome to The Grinder's Manual. 505. (164) Only 1 left in stock. $24. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis. He provides a mathematical proof for this in his advanced holdem strategy book, Applications of No-Limit Hold’em. 2. ----- In this cutting-edge work, Hunter outlines a straightforward, no-nonsense approach to poker analysis. 126 beginner, intermediate and advanced lessons in Texas Hold'em No Limit (NL) strategy at PokerStrategy. e. Do not show your hand to other players at the table while a hand is in progress. Fifty quick sections focus on key winning concepts, making learning both easy and fast. Before 2000, it could be difficult to find a game. Download PDF Secret Language of Animals Oracle Cards : Endangered Voices of Mother Earth; Poker's Postflop Course Part 1 : Advanced Analysis of Exploitive Postflop Play in No-Limit Hold'em: The River; Loose Leaf for Behavioral Corporate Finance; Rethinking Contemporary Feminist Politics free download PDF, EPUB, MOBI, CHM, RTF; Als wir. And so on. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em Previous Next. Utilize position effectively. $9. 1. 5. 21626. "No Limit Hold'em Theory and Practice" by David Sklansky and Ed Miller. Big cards are king. Tipton analyses situations through an interesting breakdown using decision trees and equity distribution charts. Mathematical Concepts. pdf file. [pdf]hold'em poker for advanced players. Download Or Read Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis This Books Full Version Click Link Below To Download e-Books. $9. 12:03; Facing 3. [Matthew Janda] -- "[This book] . Hunter Cichy, a professional poker player, gambling consultant & owner of talks about his new book, Advanced Concepts in No Limit Ho. The concept of 'poker equity' is one beginners don't like and often struggle to understand. As another reviewer wrote, some people may want to start with the Concepts portion and. Even though no-limit hold em is not, from a Game Theory perspective, a solved game, many ideas and concepts which come from this branch of mathematics now play an important role in a strong, winning no-limit hold em strategy. It’s a practical and effective, step-by-step guide to winning consistently at no-limit hold ’em. In Harrington on Hold Em is a definitive book on Texas. 495. It is a quite remarkable book. No-limit hold em was once only a tournament game. In Texas hold'em, a hand such as A♥A♠ is an 82. Expert Heads Up No Limit Hold ‘em is a unique and remarkable book, providing a clear framework with which to analyse the game. Forum. pdf download Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis read Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker. Winning Poker Tournaments Extensive training course for serious tournament poker players. Top limit hold’em players have techniques that have never been fully explained… until now. All situations are played heads up, with 2 to the flop. English. It’s the boards with a paired broadway card. The betting for that round is also prior to the discard. In the cutoff, we open raise to 40$, and get called by the big blind, an aggressive player. The first years of the poker boom were fueled by the interest in no-limit hold em tournaments. Topics include: Quick tips for beating the low stakes games. The Paperback of the Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis by Hunter Cichy at Barnes & Noble. You will learn to: -100 Essential Tips to Master No-Limit Hold'em Add to Cart View Details. Recently, however, players have been gravitating to another, even more complex form of hold em no-limit cash games. Add to Cart View Details. 5+ hours of new training content added every month. Many confusing concepts such as overbetting, balancing multiple bet-sizing ranges, donk betting, and check-raising as the preflop raiser are crucial to a player s strategy despite few players implementing them or talking about them. Matthew Janda. added by dydo901ss 10/04/2018 03:04. 'Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold’em' is an in-depth book by player Hunter Cichy, and deals with useful GTO poker strategies. 2 folds, CO raises, Button calls, SB folds, Hero calls. The book is old (for a poker book, as knowledge is often quickly kind of outdated), and was written in the Dark. Tom McEvoy’s No-Limit Texas Hold’em – A Review. Hold'em Poker for Advanced Players, 21st Century Edition by David Sklansky and Mason Malmuth Texas Hold 'em is not an easy game to play well. . Sign Up To Acces "Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em: A Modern Approach to Poker Analysis". In this cuttingedge. 18 Ppi 360 Rcs_key 24143. Straight Flush (T ♥ 9 ♥ 8 ♥ 7 ♥ 6 ♥) Also very rare, a. MAKE + MISS: -$4. Many authors have produced works on this topic which are either too simplistic or far too complex to be of any practical use. No-Limit Hold'em is an extremely complex game that is difficult to learn and even more difficult to teach. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. 100 Essential Tips to Master No-Limit Hold'em Add to Cart View Details. The game is $1/$2 No-Limit Texas Hold'em, the Chevy Cavalier of poker. 110 ratings6 reviews. 2. 5. Also available for mobi and docx. Tournaments pushed it to the. After all, the out of position. 02/$0. Paperback. 495 = . The material is a little complicated, but it is well worth reading if you want to be able to absorb some of the most advanced strategy that you can get from a Hold'em strategy book. Volume 2 brings you even more of the necessary concepts for being successful in no-limit holdem cash games and tournaments. Taking a theoretical approach, it covers critical concepts like manipulating the pot size, adjusting correctly to stack sizes, winning the battle of mistakes, reading hands, and manipulating opponents into playing badly. 86. 4. Hunter Cichy has a unique ability to present advanced concepts in a manner that any committed student can understand and implement. f Kill Everyone Advanced Strategies for No-Limit Hold ’Em Poker Tournaments and Sit-n-Go’s Lee Nelson Tysen Streib and Steven Heston Foreword by Joe Hachem f Kill Everyone Advanced Strategies for No-Limit Hold ’Em Poker Tournaments and Sit-n-Go’s Published by Huntington Press 3665 Procyon St. Learn how to adapt to tough games, exploit weak opponents, and maximize your edge in every situation. 3-bet larger preflop when you will be out of position postflop. ISBN-13: 9781909457683: Publisher: D&B Publishing: Publication date: 06/01/2017: Pages: 272: Sales rank: 1,081,672:Modern Poker Theory is a comprehensive, rigorous guide to the most important aspects of No-Limit Hold’em. 15:54 concepts in a manner that any committed student can understand and implement. Advanced Hold'em Vol. 99. Lee is also a prolific poker-book writer, having co-written Kill Phil, Kill Everyone, and The Raiser's Edge. This book includes example hands and situations, as well as new advanced concepts for no-limit holdem games. In 2003 poker was put on television and no-limit hold 'em quickly became the most popular form of poker played in casinos, public cardrooms, and on the Internet. The book includes chapters on deception, the bluff, raising, slowplaying, position, psychology, heads-up play, game theory, and implied adds. Lee also took down the no-limit hold 'em tournament at the St. " Both great books. This card, known as the “river” or “fifth street,” precludes the final betting round. 12 MB. Ed Miller is one of the world's best-known and respected poker educators. Now anyone can find a game, but few know how to play well. Jonathan constructs a basic strategy to crush small stakes games and also identifies the adjustments that need to be made when facing more competent opposition. But most people don't play well and. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Synopsis of Harrington on Cash Games Volume 1. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2023 圖書描述 No-Limit Hold'em is an extremely complex game that is difficult to learn. This task would be impossible if a player had to actually. The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky discusses theories and concepts applicable to nearly every variation of the game. And he was the only player to make it to the final table in 2003 (field of 839) and 2004 (field of 2576) considered by cognoscenti to be the greatest accomplishment in WSOP history. Check out this infographic to learn more about the basic poker concept of fast-playing vs slow-playing. To put it another way, in this example the remaining effective stack sizes are 6. #DOWNLOAD# Applications of No-Limit Hold em By Matthew Janda >> Download Here [PDF] Files Applications of No-Limit Hold em By Matthew Janda >> Fast Download Click Here One of the most daunting moments in a poker player s career occurs when he realizes his knowledge of how to play a specific hand well is incomplete without the additional. $9. Lee Jones has put out several editions of this incredibly popular low limit Hold’em strategy book. 1" by Dan. He's authored five books which have sold over 200,000 copies worldwide. ). 99. Many confusing concepts such as overbetting, balancing multiple bet-sizing ranges, donk betting, and check-raising as the preflop raiser are crucial to a player s strategy despite few players implementing them or talking about them. It covers critical concepts like manipulating the pot size, adjusting correctly to stack sizes, winning the battle of. The GTO strategy for No Limit Hold’em exists, but is not yet known by any human, or even computer. com. Advanced Limit Hold em Strategy. For the first time in almost a decade a book focused on advanced concepts in cash game big bet poker has been published by widely acclaimed poker book seller, Two Plus Two. No Limit Hold em: Theory and Practice is the definitive work on this complex game. Nunca antes tantas pessoas jogaram no-limit hold’em, e nunca antes houve uma oportunidade tão grande. It disclosures and excuse to theorie such underlies NL Hold'em. Expert Heads Up No Limit Hold’Em, Volume 1, was quickly identified by poker commentators as a ground-breaking work. Add to Cart View Details. These two starting hands are the major players in hold’em. The first skill is the most important, but also the most fundamental. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em Add to Cart View Details. Hunter Cichy has a unique ability to present advanced concepts in a…I recently finished reading Matthew Janda’s Applications of No-Limit Hold ‘Em and considered it one of the most helpful poker books I’ve read in some time. DTO-Poker Trainer and the Poker Trainer on the Apple App Store give you the basics and more advanced concepts this book kinda/sorta gives you. Important adddition to the library of any truly serious no limit hold 'em player. 47. Advanced Limit Hold'em Strategy Download No Limit Hold em for Advanced Players Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle. Game: No Limit Hold‘Em Book information is relevant at time of review: Partially Content: This book presents fundamental topics for the beginner NLHE player. Secrets of Short-handed No Limit Hold’em:features clear and insightful. Read "Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em a modern approach to poker analysis" by Hunter Cichy available from Rakuten Kobo. Over nearly 3 weeks, Libratus played 120,000 hands of HUNL against the human professionals, using a three-pronged approach that included. With. Advanced Concepts in No-Limit Hold'em by Hunter Cichy, Jun 01, 2017, D & B Publishing edition, paperback. A real winner. 1 includes advanced concepts for No Limit Hold'em cash games and tournaments to compete - and win - against the professionals. Navigating multi-way pots. Joe rated it liked it Jul 28, Professional No-Limit Hold em: Volume I Reviews Vince Flynn 1st Edition Books. The book is divided into 16 sections. Easy stuff really. It might also tell you that in a given spot, you should call 50% of the time, fold 35% of the time, and raise 15% of the time (with a certain range of hands). BTN calls. 4. Example: 9 6 , 7 2 , K 10 , 6 3 , Q 5. Play a lot of weak hands in the big blind. It is also the most popular poker game in home poker games. The above 3 sets of hands add up to form the common answer of 169 Texas Hold’em starting hands. --Russ Hamilton, 1994 World Series of Poker Champion It's like giving the gun to the rabbit. These boards favor the preflop raiser because this player has more of the stronger broadway hands (think AK, AQ, KQ, etc) compared to the player out of position. It also describes strategies for playing pre-flop (set-mining, steals, 3-bet bluffs) as well as post-flop (rule of 2 & 4, semi-bluffing, calculating EV, etc. Advanced iPhone: $12. Like the old saying goes “It takes a minute to learn. the final two of a multi-table tournament, and blind-vs-blind play at fuller tables. Professional No Limit Hold ‘Em, Volume 1 (PNLHE) is one of my all-time favorite poker books and the one that I recommend to anyone looking to get started to the game. No Limit Texas Hold’em is a Poker variant that uses community cards. Hand reading is the single most important no-limit hold'em skill. Add to Cart View Details. These advanced articles will teach you everything you need to know to master No-Limit Texas Hold’em. No-Limit Holdem for players who want to win big. ”. Updated Concepts: Post #11-- I now think it's better to emphasize high equity hands as 3-bet and 4-bet "bluffs" even if they are difficult to play post-flop as they won't make as many nut type hands. You can now check on the flop, the CO bets and you can wait for. Strategy and Heads-Up No-Limit Holdem. At first, because of the newness of the game to most participants, they could be easily be beaten by players with only a moderate knowledge of sophisticated strategy. 25160. The minimum buy-in is $40 and the max $200. Many of our poker lessons focus on general concepts that will help you in either variation, but these games play very differently. No-limit cash games started sprouting up at casinos of all types. Expert Heads Up No Limit Hold ‘em is a unique and remarkable book, providing a clear framework with which to analyse the game. Heads-up confrontations can occur in any game, even when every seat is occupied. Read more. 22 x 1. by Doyle ‘Texas Dolly’ Brunson, Chip Reese, Joey. 95. Recently, however, players have been gravitating to another, even more complex form of hold 'em -.